Classification of minerals

According to the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 27 Year 1980, classification of minerals is divided into 3 groups :

a. Group strategic minerals are:

- Crude oil, liquid bitumen, wax earth, natural gas;

- Solid bitumen, asphalt;

- Anthracite, coal, coal young;

- Uranium, radium, thorium, and materials other radioaktip mining;

- Nickel, cobalt;

- Tin.

b. Group of vital minerals are:

- Iron, manganese, molibden, chrome, tungsten, vanadium, titan;

- Bauxite, copper, lead, zinc;

- Gold, platinum, silver, mercury, diamonds;

- Arsin, antimony, bismuth;

- Yttrium, rhutenium, metal-cerium and other rare metals;

- Berillium, corundum, zircon, quartz crystal;

- Kriolit, fluorpar, barit;

- Iodine, bromine, chlorine, sulfur;

c. Group of minerals that do not include a or b groups are:

- Nitrate-nitrate, phosphate, phosphate, rock salt (halite);

- Asbestos, talk, mica, graphite, magnesit;

- Yarosit, leusit, alum (alum), ocher;

- Precious stones, semi precious stones;

- Quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar, gypsum, bentonite;

- Pumice, mattress, obsidian, pearlite, diatome soil, soil absorption (fullers earth);

- Marble, slate;

- Limestone, dolomite, calcite;

- Granite, andesite, basalt, trakhit, clay, and sand does not contain all the elements of a mineral group or class b in the amount that means in terms of the mining economy. Read More

Type of mineral / mineral follow-up

In the implementation of mining activities, data on other minerals and mineral follow-up encountered should be recorded to prevent / avoid potential extractive neglected existence.
The presence of other minerals and minerals in the framework of follow-up mining activities may be disrupted during production operations, therefore there is potential that needs to be managed or treated to its economic value is not diminished or lost.
Possible use or handling of other minerals and mineral require completeness follow-up data on these minerals from exploration stage, so the data on other minerals and minerals presented in a follow-up to a complete and systematic as the basis of production operations planning and implementation of extractive conservation.

Type of mineral / mineral follow-up assessment categories based on class technology resources and mineral reserves and mineral follow-up can be classified into 3 (three) types namely:
1. Type 1: Material other minerals / mineral exploitation potential follow-up, the group of other minerals / mineral follow-up that has a high potential to be made.
2. Type 2: Materials other minerals / mineral development potential follow-up, the group of other minerals / mineral potential follow-up was / middle and have the possibility to be developed as a commodity mining business.
3. Type 3: other extractive materials / mineral resource potential follow-up, the group of other minerals / mineral follow-up with low potency can not be developed as a commodity mining business. Read More

What is Zinc ?

Zinc is a metallic chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. This is the first row of the transition metals of group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is approximately 75 ppm (0.007%) of the crust, so the 24 most abundant element there. The seawater is only 30 ppb zinc, and the atmosphere contains 0.1 to 4 ng/m³.

The main application of zinc corrosion resistant galvanized steel. Other applications of the batteries and alloys such as brass. Sphalerite, zinc is the most important zinc ore. Including the production of zinc roasting, leaching, and in the finals to win pyrometallurgic winning or electriowinning.

Sphalerite (ZNS), usually in combination with other metals such as copper and lead ores. Therefore, the phase in the zinc sulfide minerals. Sphalerite, which is a form of zinc is the most heavily mined ore containing zinc, 60-62% as zinc.

A variety of zinc compounds to find industrial applications, such as zinc chloride (in deodorants), zinc Pyrithione (Anti-dandruff shampoos), zinc (in luminescent paints), zinc and organic methyl or zinc diethyl in the laboratory. Approximately one quarter of the production of zinc in the form of zinc compounds.

Zinc, in the context, the plaintext is a blue-white shiny metal diamagnetic, although most commercial varieties of metal with a metal mat finish.The hard and brittle, but the temperatures in most malleable will be 100 to 150 ° C. Zinc is a good conductor of electricity. The melting point is the lowest of all transition metals, except mercury and cadmium.

Many zinc alloys, including brass, an alloy of zinc and copper. Other metals, such as the binary zinc alloys, aluminum, antimony, bismuth, gold, iron, lead, mercury, silver, tin, magnesium, cobalt, nickel, sodium and tellurium.

Other minerals, zinc, due to smithsonite (zinc carbonate), hemimorphite (zinc silicate), Wurtzite (excluding zinc) and sometimes hydrozincite (basic zinc carbonate).

Zinc is an essential mineral necessary for the preservation of all life. Enzymes in a zinc atom in the center of the reaction in biochemistry, such as alcohol in humans. The consumption of higher concentrations of zinc can lead to ataxia, lethargy and a lack of copper.

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